Copley medal
Copley medal on teadusauhind, mida annab välja Londoni Kuninglik Ühing. Auhinda antakse välja silmapaistvate saavutuste eest bioloogia ja füüsika teadussuundades. Copley medalit antakse välja igal aastal ning see on tõenäoliselt vanim ja siiani kõige kauem välja antud teadusauhind maailmas. Esimene medal anti välja 1731. aastal Stephen Grayle. Laureaat saab medali ja rahalise preemia 25 000 naelsterlingit.
Medali laureaadid
Aasta | Nimi |
---|---|
1731 | Stephen Gray |
1732 | Stephen Gray |
1733 | - |
1734 | John Theophilus Desaguliers |
1735 | - |
1736 | John Theophilus Desaguliers |
1737 | John Belchier |
1738 | James Valoue |
1739 | Stephen Hales |
1740 | Alexander Stuart |
1741 | John Theophilus Desaguliers |
1742 | Christopher Middleton |
1743 | Abraham Trembley |
1744 | Henry Baker |
1745 | William Watson |
1746 | Benjamin Robins |
1747 | Gowin Knight |
1748 | James Bradley |
1749 | John Harrison |
1750 | George Edwards |
1751 | John Canton |
1752 | John Pringle |
1753 | Benjamin Franklin |
1754 | William Lewis |
1755 | John Huxham |
1756 | - |
1757 | Lord Charles Cavendish |
1758 | John Dollond |
1759 | John Smeaton |
1760 | Benjamin Wilson |
1761 | - |
1762 | - |
1763 | - |
1764 | John Canton |
1765 | - |
1766 | William Brownrigg, Edward Delaval ja Henry Cavendish |
1767 | John Ellis |
1768 | Peter Woulfe |
1769 | William Hewson |
1770 | William Hamilton |
1771 | Matthew Raper |
1772 | Joseph Priestley |
1773 | John Walsh |
1774 | - |
1775 | Nevil Maskelyne |
1776 | James Cook |
1777 | John Mudge |
1778 | Charles Hutton |
1779 | . |
1780 | Samuel Vince |
1781 | William Herschel |
1782 | Richard Kirwan |
1783 | John Goodricke ja Thomas Hutchins |
1784 | Edward Waring |
1785 | William Roy |
1786 | - |
1787 | John Hunter |
1788 | Charles Blagden |
1789 | William Morgan |
1790 | - |
1791 | James Rennell ja Jean-André Deluc |
1792 | Benjamin Thompson |
1793 | - |
1794 | Alessandro Volta |
1795 | Jesse Ramsden |
1796 | George Atwood |
1797 | - |
1798 | George Shuckburgh-Evelyn ja Charles Hatchett |
1799 | John Hellins |
1800 | Edward Charles Howard |
1801 | Astley Cooper |
1802 | William Hyde Wollaston |
1803 | Richard Chenevix |
1804 | Smithson Tennant |
1805 | Humphry Davy |
1806 | Thomas Andrew Knight |
1807 | Everard Home |
1808 | William Henry |
1809 | Edward Troughton |
1810 | - |
1811 | Benjamin Collins Brodie |
1812 | - |
1813 | William Thomas Brande |
1814 | James Ivory |
1815 | David Brewster |
1816 | - |
1817 | Henry Kater |
1818 | Robert Seppings |
1819 | - |
1820 | Hans Christian Ørsted |
1821 | Edward Sabine ja John Herschel |
1822 | William Buckland |
1823 | John Pond |
1824 | John Brinkley |
1825 | François Arago ja Peter Barlow |
1826 | James South |
1827 | William Prout ja Henry Foster |
1828 | - |
1829 | - |
1830 | - |
1831 | George Biddell Airy |
1832 | Michael Faraday ja Siméon Denis Poisson |
1833 | - |
1834 | Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana |
1835 | William Snow Harris |
1836 | Jöns Jacob Berzelius ja Francis Kiernan |
1837 | Antoine César Becquerel ja John Frederic Daniell |
1838 | Carl Friedrich Gauss ja Michael Faraday |
1839 | Robert Brown |
1840 | Justus von Liebig ja Jacques Charles François Sturm |
1841 | Georg Ohm |
1842 | James MacCullagh |
1843 | Jean-Baptiste Dumas |
1844 | Carlo Matteucci |
1845 | Theodor Schwann |
1846 | Urbain Le Verrier |
1847 | John Herschel |
1848 | John Couch Adams |
1849 | Roderick Murchison |
1850 | Peter Andreas Hansen |
1851 | Richard Owen |
1852 | Alexander von Humboldt |
1853 | Heinrich Wilhelm Dove |
1854 | Johannes Peter Müller |
1855 | Léon Foucault |
1856 | Henri Milne-Edwards |
1857 | Michel Eugène Chevreul |
1858 | Charles Lyell |
1859 | Wilhelm Eduard Weber |
1860 | Robert Bunsen |
1861 | Louis Agassiz |
1862 | Thomas Graham |
1863 | Adam Sedgwick |
1864 | Charles Darwin |
1865 | Michel Chasles |
1866 | Julius Plücker |
1867 | Karl Ernst von Baer |
1868 | Charles Wheatstone |
1869 | Henri Victor Regnault |
1870 | James Prescott Joule |
1871 | Julius von Mayer |
1872 | Friedrich Wöhler |
1873 | Hermann von Helmholtz |
1874 | Louis Pasteur |
1875 | August Wilhelm von Hofmann |
1876 | Claude Bernard |
1877 | James Dwight Dana |
1878 | Jean-Baptiste Boussingault |
1879 | Rudolf Clausius |
1880 | James Joseph Sylvester |
1881 | Charles-Adolphe Wurtz |
1882 | Arthur Cayley |
1883 | William Thomson |
1884 | Carl Ludwig |
1885 | August Kekulé |
1886 | Franz Ernst Neumann |
1887 | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
1888 | Thomas Henry Huxley |
1889 | George Salmon |
1890 | Simon Newcomb |
1891 | Stanislao Cannizzaro |
1892 | Rudolf Virchow |
1893 | George Stokes |
1894 | Edward Frankland |
1895 | Karl Weierstrass |
1896 | Karl Gegenbaur |
1897 | Albert von Kölliker |
1898 | William Huggins |
1899 | Lord Rayleigh |
1900 | Marcellin Berthelot |
1901 | Josiah Willard Gibbs |
1902 | Joseph Lister |
1903 | Eduard Suess |
1904 | William Crookes |
1905 | Dmitri Mendeleev |
1906 | Élie Metchnikoff |
1907 | Albert Abraham Michelson |
1908 | Alfred Russel Wallace |
1909 | George William Hill |
1910 | Francis Galton |
1911 | George Darwin |
1912 | Felix Klein |
1913 | Ray Lankester |
1914 | Joseph John Thomson |
1915 | Ivan Pavlov |
1916 | James Dewar |
1917 | Pierre Paul Émile Roux |
1918 | Hendrik Lorentz |
1919 | William Bayliss |
1920 | Horace Tabberer Brown |
1921 | Joseph Larmor |
1922 | Ernest Rutherford |
1923 | Horace Lamb |
1924 | Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer |
1925 | Albert Einstein |
1926 | Frederick Gowland Hopkins |
1927 | Charles Scott Sherrington |
1928 | Charles Algernon Parsons |
1929 | Max Planck |
1930 | William Henry Bragg |
1931 | Arthur Schuster |
1932 | George Ellery Hale |
1933 | Theobald Smith |
1934 | John Scott Haldane |
1935 | Charles Thomson Rees Wilson |
1936 | Arthur Evans |
1937 | Henry Dale |
1938 | Niels Bohr |
1939 | Thomas Hunt Morgan |
1940 | Paul Langevin |
1941 | Thomas Lewis |
1942 | Robert Robinson |
1943 | Joseph Barcroft |
1944 | G. I. Taylor |
1945 | Oswald Avery |
1946 | Edgar Adrian |
1947 | G. H. Hardy |
1948 | Archibald Hill |
1949 | George de Hevesy |
1950 | James Chadwick |
1951 | David Keilin |
1952 | Paul Dirac |
1953 | Albert Kluyver |
1954 | E. T. Whittaker |
1955 | Ronald Fisher |
1956 | Patrick Blackett |
1957 | Howard Florey |
1958 | John Edensor Littlewood |
1959 | Frank Macfarlane Burnet |
1960 | Harold Jeffreys |
1961 | Hans Adolf Krebs |
1962 | Cyril Norman Hinshelwood |
1963 | Paul Fildes |
1964 | Sydney Chapman |
1965 | Alan Lloyd Hodgkin |
1966 | William Lawrence Bragg |
1967 | Bernard Katz |
1968 | Tadeusz Reichstein |
1969 | Peter Medawar |
1970 | Alexander R. Todd |
1971 | Norman Pirie |
1972 | Nevill Francis Mott |
1973 | Andrew Huxley |
1974 | W. V. D. Hodge |
1975 | Francis Crick |
1976 | Dorothy Hodgkin |
1977 | Frederick Sanger |
1978 | Robert Burns Woodward |
1979 | Max Perutz |
1980 | Derek Barton |
1981 | Peter D. Mitchell |
1982 | John Cornforth |
1983 | Rodney Robert Porter |
1984 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
1985 | Aaron Klug |
1986 | Rudolf Peierls |
1987 | Robin Hill |
1988 | Michael Atiyah |
1989 | César Milstein |
1990 | Abdus Salam |
1991 | Sydney Brenner |
1992 | George Porter |
1993 | James Watson |
1994 | Frederick Charles Frank |
1995 | Frank Fenner |
1996 | Alan Cottrell |
1997 | Hugh Huxley |
1998 | James Lighthill |
1999 | John Maynard Smith |
2000 | Alan R. Battersby |
2001 | Jacques Miller |
2002 | John Pople |
2003 | John Gurdon |
2004 | Harry Kroto |
2005 | Paul Nurse |
2006 | Stephen Hawking |
2007 | Robert May |
2008 | Roger Penrose |
2009 | Martin Evans |
2010 | David Cox ja Tomas Lindahl |
2011 | Dan McKenzie |
2012 | John Walker |
2013 | Andre Geim |
2014 | Alec Jeffreys |
2015 | Peter Higgs |
2016 | Richard Henderson |
2017 | Andrew Wiles |
2018 | Jeffrey I. Gordon |
2019 | John B. Goodenough |
2020 | Alan Fersht |